Not really.
The Garmin Edge Touring devices are probably the closest to what you’re looking for (or maybe the Hammerhead devices which are all Android based but super buggy), think it has a colour screen and you can get decent Open Streetmaps for them, but it won’t be like using your phone. You’d make a route using the gamin software (dogshit) or a third party website like RidewithGPS, transfer it to the computer and then follow it. All GPS computers will allow you to track speed / distance / and will interact with things like heart rate monitors, and you can configure what stats get shown on your screen. The more advanced Garmin decides do allow you to zoom in on the map, and will show places of interest if they are on the base map you’ve downloaded to the device.
I use a Wahoo Elemnt Bolt for navigation. It just shows roads, no places of interest at all. I plan rides using RideWithGPS and add custom cues if there is a cafe or place of interest I’d like to stop at (so I’ll be riding along and it will beep and say “cafe on left” or whatever I’ve put as the cue).
You could get a mount for your phone on the bars (Quadlock?) but I appreciate there’s loads of reasons you maybe don’t want to do that (for starters it looks awful
). There are loads of apps which will do what you want.